Rotary cutter.



, No. 723,374. PATENTED MAR. 24, 1903.

J. ETTIN GER.

ROTARY CUTTER.

APPLmATloN FILED Nov. 14, 1902.

no MODEL.

lilllillllvl'lllll UNITED STATES PATENT EEioE.

JOEL ETTINGER, OF CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL J. lSHIMERv Lb SONS, OF MILTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

ROTARY CUTTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 723,3I74, dated March 24, 1903.

To a/ZZ whom, t muy concern:

Be it known that I, JOEL E'r'rINGER, a citizen of the United States', residing at Chester,

in the county of Delaware and State of Penn- Sylvania, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in Rotary Cutters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to rotary cutters of the class in which circularbits are adjustably mounted on a rotary head. The invention is especially applicable to rotary cutters of the class called matcher-heads, or. those for cutting tongues and grooves in iooring and in which one member of the cutter-head is commonly made adjustable relatively to the other member, such last-mentioned variety being generally called expansion-heads. Ordinarily in cutter-heads of this class cupshaped bits are employed-z'. e., bits comprising a divided-ring or C-shaped portion connected by a central web, a bolt passing through the web or formed Vintegrally therewith being used for connecting the bit'to the cutter-head. Such bits cannot conveniently be made of the hardest and most durable metal because of the webs which they'contain. I have found that by making the bits C-shaped or in the form of divided rings without the webs I can economically use superior metal, as it is only necessary to bend a metal bar intothe required shape in order to obtain the desired general form of the bit.

I am aware that divided-ring cutters without webs have heretofore been used; but so far as I am aware no efficient means have heretofore been devised for securing such bits to the cutter-head with sufficient rmness to meet the usual requirements.

My invention consists in providing means for attaching divided ring bits to cutter` heads in such man ner that they shall be held with absolute security in the position to taperedl heads fitting the inner walls of the bits and clamping the front portions of the bits against the outer walls of the grooves. I have devised several novel and elicient `ways ofY securing the bits in place, the one above briefly described being preferred. This with others is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- ,Figure 1 shows a side elevation of an expansion matcher-head equipped with dividedring bits in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the upper member of said cutter-head. The remaining iigures show details of the bits and several modified ways of securing tb'e bits in place. Fig. 3 is a detail view, partly in section and partly in elevation, illustrating the preferred way of securing the bits in place. This form of attachingpmeans is the same as that illustrated in Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4 shows a slight modification in which the opposite sides'of the bolt-head are tapered, while in Fig. 3 only one side is shown as being tapered or iuclined. Fig.V 5 illustrates a modification in which the bolt is formed with a flange that engages the outer edge of the bit. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the devicesillustrated in Fig.

5. Figs. 7 and 8 are views of the bit. Fig.

9 shows a further modilication in which the bit is engaged by a bolt having a split or divided head and tapered walls. Fig. 10 is a plan view of the devices shown in Fig. 9.

My improvements may be applied to various forms of* cutter heads; but I have chosen to show them applied to an expansion matcher-head. The two members A and B of the cutter-head (shown in Fig. l) may be adjusted or expanded in any suitable way. Each head is shown as being formed with grooves or sockets C lforfour bits D, and between each two sockets are formed grooves E to receive the outer' edgesof the bits carried by the opposing member of the head, the bits on one member ot-v the head being arranged intermediate of the bits on the other member, as usual. Each bit is approximately C- shaped or in the form of a divided ring, as shown in Fig. 7, cl indicating the front or cutting end, and preferably the inner wall of the body is tapered from its outer edge d' inwardly. The socket C for each bit is ICO in the fo'rm of a curved groove of the general shape of the bit, but somewhat shorter, so that the front or advancing end of the bit may project in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2. This groove is enlarged next the front portion of the bit to provide a socket for the headf of the securing-bolt F. This formation leaves a crescent-shaped projec` tion or boss Gr, the convex wall of which coincides with the adjacent wall of the bit, while the concave Wall coincides with the adjacent wall of the head f of the bolt. The outer end of the crescent-shaped Wali is truncated and connects with the curved wall or edge of the cutter-head, thus allowing the ad'.- vancing end of the bit ,to operate without obstruction. The inner or bottom wall d3 of each groove or socket D is inclined, as illustrated in Fig. 3, in order to give the proper inclination to the bits in the usual way. The shank of each bolt extends through a hole H, and the nutf when screwed home rests in a recess h in the cutter-head. The axis of the bolt is preferably arranged parallel with the axis of the bit. The arrangements, as above described, may be found in Figs. 3 and 4. In Fig. 3 the wall d2 of the bit is tapered inwardly, and the head f of the bolt is correspondingly tapered on one side f3, that engages the bit, its opposite side f2, which engages the concave wall of the boss G, being straight. In Fig. 4: the Walls f3 andf2 are both shown as tapered, and the concave wall g of the boss is correspondingly tapered. It will be observed by reference to Fig. 2 that the side of the bolt-head which is next the bit is eccentric to the axis of the bolt-i. e., it is curved in an arc of a larger radius, corresponding with the arc of the inner wall ofthe bit, and that the axis of the bolt is eccentric tothe axis of the bit. This arrangement is important, because if the bit should tend to slip and to turn the bolt in either direction a clamping action will result, which will still more iirmly hold the bit in position. If the axis of the bolt and the axis of the bit coincided, they might both tend to turn about a common axis; but in the construction shown it is impossible for the bolt to turn, and the bit in order to turn must do so relatively to the bolt against the clamping action produced by the drawing of the tapered head against the tapered inner wall of the bit, which forces the front portion of the bit against the opposite wallof the groove. The Wall]2 of the bolthead when straight, as shown in Fig. 3, may be made to nicely fit the wall gof the boss; but by-tapering the Walls f2 and g in the manner indicated in Fig. 4 a still firmer connection may be afforded. The boss F serves as a support or abutment for one side of the bolthead, only one side of the bolt-head being in contact with the bit.- The clamping action takes place on the working portion of the bit, this portion being countersuuk in its socket or groove and being clamped between the outer Wall of the groove and the head of .the groove.

tion in which the bolt is formed with a flange'l la, which engages the outer edge of the bit. The opposite wall k of. the bolt-head bears against the wall g of the boss G; but in this case the front wall k2 of the bolt-head is not tapered, and the inner wall of the bit maybe straight. I prefer the constructions shown in Figs. 3 and 4; but the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 has an advantage over some other constructions of applying the clamping-power close to the front or working end of thebit, the axis of the bolt being eccentric to the axis of the cutter, and the bolt-head is supported not by a'portion of the cutter, but by the boss G, which forms an integral part of the cutter-head. In Figs. 9 and 10 the boss Gr is made somewhat larger, and an approximately semicircular recess J is formed in the head inside the groove C, while a corresponding' recess J is formed in the head just outside In this instance the bolt is formed with a divided head, the two membersm and m being arranged to engage the bit and to be forced against it when the nut is screwed home, by reason of the fact that the wails of the head and the corresponding walls of the recesses are tapered inwardly. The construetion is such that the members may yield slightly. When under compression, they spread apart and permit the bit to be readily placed between them; but as the head is drawn inwardly the members bend toward each other and clamp the bit between them. Preferably the bit is tapered, as indicated in Fig. 9, as this makesthe connection all the more secure. tric to the axis of the bit, and the bolt engages the bit close to its front Working end.

While I have illustrated several ways of carrying out my invention, I do not wish to be limited to the specific illustrations thereof contained in the accompanying drawings; but

I claim as my inventionl. The combination with a cutterhead formed with a curved bit-socket Whose outer side Wall is inclined reiatively to the axis of revolution, of a divided-ring bit fitting said socket and having a horizontally-curved inner wall which is tapered vertically, and a bolt placed eccentrically to the axis of the bit, and having a tapered head Itting the inner Wall of the bit near its front or Working end.

2. The combination with a cutter head formed with a curved bit-socket Whose outer side wall is inclined relatively to the axis of the bit, of a divided-ring bit fitting said socket and having a horizontally-curved inner wall, and a bolt having a head curved on one side to match the inner wall of the bit, while its opposite side is arranged farther from the axis of the bolt and is curved in an arc of shorter radius, for the purposespecified.

IOO

The axis of the bolt is eccenf 3. The combination with a cutter-head 4formedwith a curved bit-socket, of a dividedfitting the curved inner Wall of the bit near its front or Working end.

5. The combination with a cutter head formed with a curved bit-socket and inclosed boss, of a divided-ring bit fitting said socket and having a tapered inner Wall, and a bolt placed eccentrically to the axis of the bit engaging the tapered inner Wall thereof, and also engaging a wall of the boss.

6.. The combination With a cutterhead formed with a curved bit-socket with an inclosed boss g of a divided-ring bit fitting said socket; and a bolt placed eccentrically within the bit and having one Wall of its head arranged to bear against the bit While its othe wall bears against the boss.

7. The combination with a cutter hea formed with a curved bit-socket and a bos Within the socket; of a divided-ring bit ittin 2 said socket and having a tapered inner Walland a bolt having a tapered head fitting the inner Wall of the bit and bearing against a Wall of the boss.

8. The combination of a cutter-head formed with a curved bit-socket inclosing a boss; of a divided-ring bit fitting said socket and having a tapered inner Wall; and a bolt having a tapered head tting the inner Wall of the bit and a tapered Wall of the boss.

9. The combination with a cutter head formed with a curved bit-socket and a recessed boss within the socket; of a divided-ring bit tting said socket; and a bolt having a head arranged Within the recess ofthe boss and engaging the bit near its front Working end.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

-J OEL ETTINGER.

Witnesses: l

A. L. ANDERSON, JAMES Moss. 

